Catocala from Wisconsin

Catocala unijuga, courtesy of Carroll Rudy, Calumet County, Wisconsin,
August 26, 2006, id confirmed by Larry Gall.

The following checklist for Wisconsin was sent to me by Jeff Crolla. The list was compiled in 2000 (Ferge & Balogh). I have added Catocala alabamae and Catocala residua, based on Hugo L. Kons Jr., Robert J. Borth, and Thomas S. Barina checklist posted on the Web 24 August 2007. The latter list does not include Catocala innubens.

I have rearranged the order, grouping by size and hindwing colour.

In most cases the hindwings can be viewed in the individual species files. They are sometimes diagnostic.

As of April 4, 2010, this page has been further updated as per research data compiled by Larry Gall.

I would like to continue to refine the listings to county levels so images and data (date, location at least to county level, bait, lights) would be very much appreciated. Please send same to Bill Oehlke. All images that I use on my websites remain the property of respective photographers and images are credited as such.

The Identification Keys Diagram should help you understand the terminology I have used in describing the various species.

Many thanks to Carroll Rudy and Joan F. Rickert who have sent me images and data for Wisconsin counties.

Many thanks also to Ian Miller who sends data for Eau Claire County. Kate Redmund has sent some images and data from Ozuakee County.

Many thanks to Marcie O'Connor of Buffalo County. Marcie has sent images and data to help build the data base for Wisconsin. Marcie has a very nice website at http://www.aprairiehaven.com/?page_id=10023 where you can see moths of many different families.

Visit Wisconsin Sphingidae.


Little Yellow-Orange Underwings: Wingspans: 30-45mm

** 8869 alabamae; Alabama Underwing; 30-40mm. Uniform greenish-grey fw may have thin but dark (contrasting) medial lines or they may be nearly absent (titania); alabamae often displays a dash in median/anal angle area, missing or nearly absent in titania. There is brown shading between post medial line & subterminal line.

**8878 Catocala amica; Girlfriend; wingspan: 35-40mm
The black postmedian band is absent from the dorsal (upper) surface of the hindwing, but it is present on the ventral surface. Moths come in to lights and to bait.

Catocala amica lineella is now (2010) elevated to full species status as Catocala lineella.
Maurice Bottos image.

** 8878.1 lineella; Little Lined Underwing; wingspan: 35-40mm. This species is without hw marginal black band. Fw subreniform spot is pale and boldy outlined with black. There is similar light brownish-gray patch in upper half of median area near pm line, and just between subreniform spot and am line there is similarly coloured light patch paralleling am lne. The reniform spot is dark, less distinct and in a generally darker area.

** 8874 Catocala minuta TM; Little Underwing, 35-45mm; Fw grey-brown, greatly widened, white, st line (near costa only). Hw outer black band unbroken, inner band in complete loop, brown scaling along im. "eureka" Schwarz: blackish area between am,pm lines; "hiseri" Cassino: dull grey fw, very faint markings; "mellitula" Hulst: blackish patch in basal area from costa to im; "obliterata" Schwarz: melanic form, almost completely black fw; "parvula" W. H. Edwards: broad dark patch along fw i. m..

** 8873 similis; Similar Underwing, wingspan: 35-45mm. Pale triangular patch from pm line along costa, pointed at apex, light-coloured, tear-shaped reniform spot. Subreniform spot projects much beyond reniform anteriorally at right angle to subreniform line. Many specimens have small, light coloured, flattened oval spot about halfway between pm/ am lines near midpoint of reniform spot. Pm line almost straight for most of length.

** 8846 sordida; Sordid Underwing, wingspan: 37-45mm: Fw is lighter along costa and darker along inner margin. Dark medial lines are especially evident through lighter shades near costa. Outer black band of the hindwing is broken near the anal angle. I made the determination on the moth to the left based on dark scaling along the inner margin limited to median area and submarginal "teeth" relatively short and blunt. Tim Dyson image.


Little Yellow-Orange Underwings: Wingspans: 35-56mm
These tend to be slightly larger on average than preceding group.

** 8876 Catocala micronympha, the Little Nymph Underwing, (wingspan: 35-50mm). John Himmelman image. Usual specimens have grey forewings shaded with green, brown, black and white tints. Usually a darkened band passing from costa through reniform spot to outer margin. High variability. Full size Joe Garris photo of C. micronympha form hero.

** 8876 Catocala micronympha form gisela, the Little Nymph Underwing, (wingspan: 35-50mm).
The usual specimens have grey forewings shaded with green, brown, black and white tints. There is usually a darkened band passing from the costa through the reniform spot to the outer margin. Form "gisela" Meyer has a forewing that is mostly black. Leroy Simon image.

** 8876 Catocala micronympha form hero, the Little Nymph Underwing, (wingspan: 35-50mm). The usual specimens have grey forewings shaded with green, brown, black and white tints. There is usually a darkened band passing from the costa through the reniform spot to the outer margin. Form "hero" H. Edwards has a median area that is mostly white.
Joe Garris image.

** 8876 Catocala micronympha form lolita, the Little Nymph Underwing, (wingspan: 35-50mm).

Form "lolita" Sargent has very dark forewings.

Harold J. Vermes image, used with permission from his son.

** 8876 Catocala micronympha form sargenti, the Little Nymph Underwing, (wingspan: 35-50mm). Usual specimens have grey forewings shaded with green, brown, black and white tints. Usually a darkened band passing from costa through reniform spot to outer margin. Form "sargenti" Covell (very rare) has a hindwing that is all black.

** 8877 connubialis, Connubial Underwing, 35-50mm. Fw is highly variable, there are several different forms: "sancta" Hulst: typical form, has forewings with white ground colour & sharply contrasting black lines & markings. There is also brown shading between post medial & subterminal lines; "cordelia" H. Edwards: coloured as above but markings are faint; "pulverulenta" Brower: grey-green forewings with faint markings, sometimes none; "broweri" Muller: forewings that are dark green, almost black. Hw has separate anal spot & outer band ends with straight cut. Leroy Simon image.

** 8864 Catocala grynea ; Woody Underwing, 40-50mm
The forewing is a dull greenish grey with orangey-brown shading along the inner margin. The antemedial, median and postmedial lines are quite faint.
Praeclara is somewhat similar but has a break in the brown shading between the am and pm lines. Praeclara also has a paler orange hindwing color. Tim Dyson image.

Catocala grynea, July 23, 2007, Calumet County, Carroll Ruddy

** 8865 praeclara; Praeclara Underwing, 40-50mm
The forewing is a pale greenish-grey with considerable contrasting brown shading beyond post medial line.
There is a black basal dash very close to the inner margin and another dash, higher up in the median area.
Note the contrasting shapes of the reniform and subreniform spots. Tim Dyson image.

** 8867 Catocala blandula; Charming Underwing, 40-50mm.
The pale basal area of the forewing distinguishes mira from blandula (dark brown) and crataegi (black). The forewing has dark contrasting lines as in crataegi. There is also considerable brown in the subterminal area and the subreniform spot is very conspicuous and usually brown. A light area runs obliquely from the costa to the subreniform spot. The hindwing is deep orange and has a complete inner black band. The outer black band is unbroken.
Lynn Scott image.

Catocala mira; Wonderful Underwing, 40-50mm. Pale basal area of fw distinguishes mira from blandula (dark brown) and crataegi (black). Fw lacks dark contrasting lines of crataegi & blandula. There is also considerable brown in subterminal area & subreniform spot is very conspicuous & usually brown. Light area runs obliquely from costa to subreniform spot. There is a noticeable space along im between am & postmedial lines. Hw is deep orange with complete inner black band. The outer black band is unbroken Tim Dyson image.

Catocala mira, July 23, 2007, Calumet County, Carroll Ruddy

** 8858 Catocala crataegi WO; Hawthorn Underwing, 40-50mm. Determination is based on dark (black) shading in forewing basal area continuing along inner margin to anal angle and brown shading beyond postmedial line. There is also a definite greenish cast to median area. hw has outer black band, broken near anal angle, distinguishing crataegi from blandula. Tim Dyson image.

** 8841 Catocala abbreviatella; Abbreviated Underwing; 40-50mm. Fw uniformly colored with narrow black lines on anterior half. Brown reniform spot ringed with black. Outer black band of hw abbreviated, then a dot. Inner black band terminates well before im. Similar species: Catocala nuptialis, solid black reniform spot. C. whitneyi, broad dark triangles mid fw.

** 8842 Catocala nuptialis; Maried Underwing, wingspan 40-50mm.
The reniform spot is very dark, black or almost black on an otherwise faintly marked, almost uniformly grey forewing. The outer black margin of the hindwing is unbroken, but is indented near the anal angle.

Jim Vargo image.

** 8843 whitneyi; Whitney's Underwing, 43-50mm. Catocala whitneyi is similar to abbreviatella Grote, & nuptialis Walker, but generally flies later in the season where species overlap. Two black wedges/triangles on forewing, one over reniform spot and other just outside antemedial line, distinguish whitneyi. Gerald Fauske image.

** 8844 amestris; Three-staff Underwing; 45-50mm. There is a large pale patch near the apex. In form "westcotti" the hindwing outer black band is complete. In other moths, the band is broken as in abbreviatella. Hindwing ground colour is usually deeper yellow-orange than in similar species. Leroy Simon image.

Catocala amestris, Buffalo County, July 28, 2011, Marcie O'Connor

** 8775 antinympha; Sweetfern Underwing, 45-55mm. Very dark grey, almost black, forewing ground colour distinguishes antinympha. There is some brown shading in subreniform spot and also just outside postmedial line. The hindwing is amber to pale orange. There is form multoconspicua Reiff, 1919 with a pale, almost white subreniform spot. Tim Dyson image.

** 8772 clintoni; Clinton's Underwing, wingspan 45-55mm.

The black basal dash distinguishes clintoni from illecta and abbreviatella, both of which lack the dash.

Vernon Brou image.

Catocala clintoni, July 9 2007, Calumet County, Carroll Ruddy

** 8776 badia coelebs; Old Maid Underwing, wingspan 54-56mm.

The gray region from the forewing pm line to the outer margin readily distinguishes this species. The fringe is gray on the lower wing from the brief orange dash at the hindwing apex to the anal angle.

Tim Dyson image.

Midsized Orange-Salmon-Red-Scarlet Underwings: Wingspans: 50-72mm

** 8857 Catocala ultronia; Ultronia Underwing, wingspan: 50-63mm.

Fws typically gray-brown, with a distinct and very dark inner margin and characteristic light brown patch, underscored by very dark arc, near wingtip. Underwings can be yellow to orange to salmon.

** 8857 Catocala ultronia form lucinda; Ultronia Underwing, wingspan: 50-63mm.

In form lucinda most of the forewing is bright grey.

On all forms there is extensive orange-salmon colouration on hw ventral surface, and there is a dark discal lunule.

Catocala ultronia, form nigrescens, the Ultronia Underwing, wingspan: 50-63mm. In the melanic form nigrescens, the dorsal forewing is very dark. Even darker subapical arc, basal dash and dash near anal angle are still visible. Dark basal hairs on hindwing. Harold J. Vermes slide, used with permission from his son.

Catocala ultronia form celia.

In form celia there is a wide, light grey band separating a dark region along inner margin and a dark patch near the apex. The ventral surface of forewings of all forms has a generous suffusion of orange-salmon scales in the lower half of the median area.

Catocala ultronia, July 23, 2007, Calumet County, Carroll Ruddy

** 8779 serena Serene Underwing. Head & collar & abdomen are brown while thorax is grey. Am & pm lines are thin, very dark, distinct on an otherwise drab, almost uniformly olive-grey fw. Black marginal band of lower wings is indented at center, relatively narrow, deep yellow median band parallels indentation. Basal hairs are brown. Catocala serena courtesy of Carroll Rudy, July 28, Calumet County.

#8778 Catocala habilis; 55-65mm. Note large "M" on thorax & "pork chop" shaped, light coloured subreniform spot becoming very dark in constriction at juncture with pm line. Pm line narrow, dark, distinct & outwardly lined with narrow suffusion of white scales, followed by broader band of brown scales, & broader suffusion of white scales up to regular dentation of st line. Significant "bleeding" of yellow-orange to salmon scales into hw fringes. Large reniform spot has brown center, faintly edged with black, then white, then black again.

#8817 briseis; Briseis Underwing; 60-70mm. Fws predominantly mottled dark-grey-brown with some lighter areas 1) between postmedial & subterminal lines, 2) at base of antemedial and postmedial lines along inner margin, and 3) over subreniform spot running diagonally toward costa. Pm lines do not have greatly elongated and sharly pointed "teeth" near apex. Hw fringe white and unbroken and inner black band (fairly even) reaches inner margin. Tim Dyson image.

#8795 Catocala palaeogama ; 60-70mm. Subreniform spot closed, does not approach pm line, smaller than habilis. All forms have characteristic orange, heavily barred fringe to apex, & irregular bands on hws. Hw basal median area heavily suffused with dark brown to black scales. Dark bar in outer half of median area, paralleling inner margin halfway between imn and light, closed subreniform spot.

#8795 Catocala palaeogama form phalanga; 60-70mm. In this form, the forewing basal area and subterminal area are very dark against a much lighter background.
The dark bar in the outer half of the median area, paralleling the inner margin halfway between the inner margin and the light, closed subreniform spot is especially evident. Joe Garris image.

** 8770 Catocala innubens; Betrothed; 55-72mm. Forewing is mottled with white, grey and brown, and subrenifrom spot tends to be lighter in colour, although it is sometimes obscured by an indistinct blackish bar which runs from middle of basal/thorax connection to just below much lighter apex at outer margin.

Jim Vargo image.

** 8770 Catocala innubens form scintillans; Betrothed; 55-72mm.

In form scintillans most of the basal area (all but lower third) and all of the median area of the forewing is dark reddish brown. The area outside the pm line is grey.

Vernon A Brou image.

** 8851 Catocala coccinata; Scarlet; 57-70mm. Usually diffuse basal & anal dashes on otherwise light grey, mottled fw. Hw fringe is white (often with some salmon scaling) and is heavily checked. "Tooth" just below pair of elongated "teeth" is much reduced & quite rounded, usually allowing considerable room for lighter patch of scales. Dark bar crosses thorax. Reniform spot light, often with greenish cast.

Catocala coccinata female, Eau Claire County, July 29, 2011, Ian Miller

** 8840 Catocala illecta; Magdalen Underwing, wingspan: 60-70mm
The forewing pattern and colouration is much like that of concumbens, pale grey with faint black lines. hws light yellow and the irregular inner black band terminates well before the inner margin. James K. Adams image.

Solid Black Underwings: Smallest to Largest, Similar Species Paired

** 8781 judith, Judith's Underwing, 45-55mm, is one of smaller "black" underwings. Fw is uniform light grey with thin and only slightly darkened antemedial, median & postmedial lines. No darkened dashes (slight anal dash) or transverse lines. The reniform area is slightly darkened while the area just before the subterminal line is a bit lighter. Note absence of hw white fringe. Joe Garris photo.

** 8773 Catocala epione , yes; Epione Underwing, wingspan: 55-65mm

The pm line is squared and has a brown band and then a light band just outside the line.

The hindwing is black with pure white fringe with no barring.

John Himmelman image.

Catocala retecta; 60-75mm. Note light coloured, elongated, open subreniform spot which interrupts dark, diffuse ark running through center of wing from basal area (body-wing juncture) to forewing apex. Center of reniform spot is brown and there is a brown area just below costa running to inner margin just outside pm line. Off-white hindwing fringe is only lightly checked along wing veins. Joe Garris image.

Catocala luctuosa, Underwing, (wingspan: 70mm). Fw light grey (yellowish tint) clearly marked with a basal dash that continues with another dash through the am line, followed by another anal dash almost forming bar parallel to im. Hw fringe white, lightly barred at veins. Fw pml "teeth" elongated and dark, continuing dark dar emanating from om just below apex.

** 8784 obscura; the Obscure Underwing, 60-72mm, has dull, grey forewings, usually void of any significant dashes or streaks, providing for easy identification. The antemedial, median and postmedial lines of obscura are faint and the subterminal line region is only slightly paler than the rest of the forewing. The hindwing fringe is off-white and lightly checked on the veins. Joe Garris photo.

Catocala residua, Residua Underwing, yes, (wingspan: 58-73mm), Distinguished from C. obscura by grey hindwing fringe of residua. C. obscura has white to off-white fringe, tends to be less common in northern portions of its range. Fw subterminal line/area of C. residua tends to be pale as is its open, elongated subreniform spot.
Devoid of significant markings except for hint of dark bar running from basal area through reniform spot to om just below apex.

** 8783 Catocala angusi WO; Angus' Underwing, 60-74mm.

Dark dashes/streaks in basal & anal areas. Reniform spot: light brown filling. Hw fringe black except for white region at apex. James K. Adams image.

** 8783 Catocala angusi WO; Angus' Underwing, 60-74mm; Dark dashes/streaks in basal & anal areas. Reniform spot: light brown filling. Hw fringe black except for white region at apex. Form lucetta has broad black band from basal area to om, broken only by reniform & subreniform spots. James K. Adams image.

** 8794 Catocala lacrymosa; Tearful Underwing, 60-82mm. The forewing is highly variable with a mixture of black, brown (wing tips and outside postmedial line) and dark grey scaling. There are usually whitish crescents, along the inner margin at the base of the antemedial and postmedial lines.

The hindwings are black with white checkered fringe, turning black near the anal angle. There are several different forms.

** 8794 Catocala lacrymosa; Tearful Underwing, 60-82mm. Form paulina: lighter grey post median area & area along and parallel to inner margin, in sharp contrast to darker basal median areas.

** 8794 Catocala lacrymosa; Tearful Underwing, 60-82mm.

In form evelina there is a wide black band along the forewing inner margin.

** 8794 Catocala lacrymosa; Tearful Underwing, 60-82mm.

In form albomarginata there is an abundance of white scaling on the forewing.

Form "zelica", not shown, has black basal patch and st line.

** 8791 Catocala insolabilis; Inconsolable, 65-75mm. Fw light grey with blackish shading along inner margin. Antemedial and postmedial lines are thin. Hw fringe is very narrow and grey, becoming whiter toward the apex. Ventral surface clearly distinguishes insolabis, being almost completely black except for some white in basal area. Vernon A. Brou image.

** 8792 Catocala vidua; Widow; 70-80mm. Fw ground colourlight grey with distinguished dark arc running through top of reniform spot to just below apex. There are heavy, dark anal & basal dashes, connecting to dark median bar, running parallel to im.
Am line thick & black in its upper half. Reniform spot consists of two almost concentric irregular ovals. Subreniform spot is light, open, constricted as it meets pm line. Hw black with broad, white fringe, only lightly interrupted.

** 8793 Catocala maestosa; Sad Underwing, 78-98mm. Maesotsa is quite similar to, although usually larger than, vidua. Both have the dark arc from the costa, above the reniform spot, to the outer margin just below the apex. Maesotsa, however, lacks the dark bar, found on vidua, parallel to the inner margin. The reniform spot is brown and there is brown shading just outside the postmedial line. The hindwing fringe is white, narrow and heavily barred.

Large Black Underwings (Banded): Wingspans: 70-80mm

** 8803 Catocala relicta ; Forsaken, White, Relict; 70-80mm: Considerable variation with regard to black/white concentrations on fws.
Typical specimens have basal and subterminal areas with blackish scales.

Black hws, with brilliant even white inner band and white fringe, are distinctive. June until October.

** 8803 Catocala relicta ; Forsaken, White, Relict; 70-80mm: Considerable variation with regard to black/white concentrations on fws. Form clara: basal and subterminal areas predominantly white.

Typical specimens have basal and subterminal areas with blackish scales. Black hws, with brilliant even white inner band and white fringe, are distinctive. June until October.

** 8803 Catocala relicta ; Forsaken, White, Relict; 70-80mm: Considerable variation with regard to black/white concentrations on fws. Form phrynia: evenly dusted with grey over entire forewing. Typical specimens have basal and subterminal areas with blackish scales. Black hws, with brilliant even white inner band and white fringe, are distinctive. June until October, poplars and willows

Catocala relicta female, Eau Claire County, July 29, 2011, Ian Miller
Catocala relicta, Medford, Taylor County, September, October 1-2, 2011, Joan F. Rickert.

** 8802 Catocala cerogama; Yellow-Banded; 70-80mm. Several different forms. Pm line distinct, dark and has elongate pair of projections. Pm and am lines meet inner margin in relative proximity. Closed subreniform spot lighter than surrounding areas, shaped a bit like an arrowhead with point toward body. Hws are distinctive. Jean-Benoît Duval image.

** 8802 Catocala cerogama; Yellow-Banded; 70-80mm.

Form ruperti: Forewings are almost uniform grey-brown with white scales outlining subterminal line.

The hindwings are distinctive. Tim Dyson image.

** 8802 Catocala cerogama; Yellow-Banded; 70-80mm.

Form bunkeri: Forewings are dark in median and basal areas. Hw golden band is reduced in thickness. Basal hairs are brown instead of yellow.

The hindwings are distinctive. Tim Dyson image.

Catocala cerogama, Ozaukee County, Kate Redmund.

Large Orange-Salmon Underwings: Wingspans: 65mm, usually 70-95mm

** 8822 meskei; Meske's Underwing; 65-75mm. Fws less distinctly marked compared to unijuga and some red-orange at hw apex and just inside fringe along outer margin in meskei that is lacking in unijuga. fw subreniform spot is opened or connected to the postmedian line. The hindwing postmedian band is nearly straight, turned in and tapering near the anal angle. Tim Dyson image.

Catocala meskei, tentative id by Bill Oehlke, Ozaukee County, Kate Redmund.

** 8821 semirelicta; Semirelict Underwing; wingspan: 65-75mm. Fw ground colour white with dark lines and shadings. Diffuse dark bar runs from center of basal area to outer margin a few mm above anal angle. Note regular dentation of st line. Inner black bar on lower wing usually terminates well before inner margin. The form "atala" has forewing that is uniformly grey. Unijuga is usually larger and has less contrasting black lines. Inner black bar on unijuga usually reaches inner margin. Tim Dyson image.

** 8801 Catocala ilia; Ilia; wingspan: 65-82mm. Several different forms, most have characteristic white area in and around reniform spot. Diffuse dark arc running from this spot to just below apex. Subreniform spot squarish, concave inner and outer edges and elongated constriction connecting it to pml. White dots near fw om in character with the overall "contrasting" appearance.

** 8801 Catocala ilia; Ilia; form conspicua

In this form the entire reniform spot is heavily suffused with white scaling on an otherwise darker ground colour. Hence the form name "conspicua".

Tim Dyson image.

** 8801 Catocala ilia; Ilia; form satanas

In this melanic form the entire forewing, including the reniform spot is very dark. Hence the form name "satanas".

The dark basal streak is still evident on this form.

Tim Dyson image.

** 8801 Catocala ilia; Ilia; form normani

In this semi-melanic form the entire forewing, excluding the reniform spot, is relatively dark. The brownish, kidney-shaped center of the reniform spot is outlined in white.

The basal streak and subapical arc are still visible.

Tim Dyson image.

Catocala ilia male and female, Eau Claire County, July 29, 2011, Ian Miller
Catocala ilia female, Eau Claire County, August 18, 2011, Ian Miller

** 8808 luciana; Luciana Underwing, 70-80mm. Pale grey brown forewing with very distinct am & postmedial lines. Subreniform spot has elongated narrow "tail" that seems to open through postmedial line. Inner black band of hw does not reach inner margin. Fringe is checked and paler (almost yellow) than salmon ground colour.

** 8771 Catocala piatrix ; Penitent, wingspan: 68-84mm. Fw: light-colored band/bar extending from light coloured, triangular subreniform spot along am line to costa. Brown, kidney-shaped reniform spot surrounded in pale grey, outlined in black, usually with distinct black along wing veins in a dark area outside the reniform spot. Hw: fringe lightly barred; lighter in color than deeper orange on rest of wing.

Catocala piatrix, Buffalo County, August 25, 2012, Marcie O'Connor.

Catocala junctura; Joined Underwing; : 67-85mm. Fw dark brownish-gray to evenly powdered blue-grey w/o significant markings. Doubled reniform spot obscure. Thin, slightly darker am & pm lines run from costa to im, not widely spaced at im. Hw salmon or orange-pink with narrow inner black band turning sharply but not meeting dark-haired im, distinguishing it from unijuga.

** 8805 unijuga; Once-married; 70-90mm. Fairly wide black inner band (almost reaching inner margin) in hw and very distinctive patterning in fw. Meskei tend to have narrower band and dustier (less distinct) looking forewing. Semirelicta tend to have inner bands terminating well before inner margins. Note very white fringe on both forewings & hindwings. Carroll Rudy image.

Catocala unijuga, Aug 26, Calumet County, Carroll Rudy.
Catocala unijuga, September 03, 2006, Taylor County, Joan F. Rickert.

** 8806 Catocala parta; Mother Underwing, 70-85mm. Black dashes in basal, subapical and anal areas help to identify this species. Hws may be yellow to yellowish-orange but more often are salmon-red. Note the face-head-like markings on the thorax. In the hindwing, the first (nearest the apex) black protrusion into the white fringe is "noticeably" larger than the others.

** 8798 Catocala neogama; 70-85mm. Note brown head & thorax & larger size compared to C. palaeogama. Specimens slightly smaller than subnata, darker grey brown forewings, more pronounced markings. Neogama's hind tibia tend to be flattened and unevenly & sparsely spined while subnata's tibia are cylindrical with spines dense & uniform in distribution. Joe Garris photo.

** 8797 Catocala subnata; Youthful Underwing, 75-90mm. Fws greyish white with blue-grey & light brown scales. Usually have hindwings brighter yellow than those of neogama. Neogama usually have basal dash; absent in male subnata, but present in females.
Magnification of hind tibia helps to distinguish the two species: subnata: cylindrical hind tibia; neogama: compressed or flattened hind tibia.

** 8796 Catocala nebulosa; Clouded; 75-86mm.> Prominent dark brown upper-half-basal patch extending to, ending at antemedial line. Apical area also tends to be brown, much darker than median area but not as dark as basal patch. The anal angle also has the darker brown scaling. The pm line is distinct near costa and inner margin, but becomes weak between the two. It meets inner margin in relative close proximity to am line. Closed subreniform spot is large and connects to the pm line via a thin line.

Medium-Large Pink Underwings: Wingspans: 70-95mm

** 8833 concumbens Sleepy Underwing or Pink Underwing,60-75mm). This brown thoracic collar is quite evident in this image as is the interruption in the pm line by the open subreniform spot. The white hindwing fringe is only lightly checked on the wing veins. The vibrant pink bans are distinct in colour and also in their relatively smooth contour.

** 8832 Catocala cara; Darling; 70-85mm. Note deep maroon almost purple cast to fws, mixed with very pale green. Lower half of am and pm lines is barely visible. No distinctive bars or dashes. Two upper "teeth" on pm line are thin and long. The hindwing bands are pink. There is heavy black checking on the off-white hindwing fringe. The relatively thick black median band of the hindwing almost reaches the inner margin which is usually heavily adorned with dark hairs.
Tim Dyson image.

Catocala cara female, taken at bait 10:30pm, Eau Claire County, August 18, 2011, Ian Miller.
Catocala cara, Ozaukee County, August 28, 2011, Kate Redmund.

** 8834 amatrix Sweetheart Underwing; (wingspan 75-95mm). Very skittish, frequently hides in caves, under bridges, under tree bark, etc. by day, resting with head down. Hw patterning and colouration similar to that of C. concumbens, but large size (wingspan 75-95mm) and dark bar running from basal area to just below apex distinguishes C. amatrix. See large Catocala amatrix courtesy of Joan F. Rickert.

** 8834 amatrix form selecta Sweetheart Underwing; (wingspan 75-95mm)
Very skittish and frequently hides in caves, under bridges, under tree bark, etc. by day, resting with head down. Several forms, including selecta (to the left) which lacks dark bar on forewing. Hesseli: melanic form; pallida: very pale form.

** 8834 amatrix form hesseli Sweetheart Underwing; (wingspan 75-95mm)
Very skittish and frequently hides in caves, under bridges, under tree bark, etc. by day, resting with head down. The melanic form hesseli is very dark and displays dark basal hairs in the hindwing.

Catocala amatrix female, Eau Claire County, August 18, 2011, Ian Miller
Catocala amatrix, Ozaukee County, August 12, 2007, courtesy of Kate Redmond.
Catocala amatrix, Buffalo County, August 12, 2011, courtesy of Marcie O'Connor

Catocala unijuga, courtesy of Joan F. Rickert, Taylor County, Wisconsin,
September 03, 2006, id by Bill Oehlke.

Calumet County sightings by Carroll Rudy:

Catocala serena July 28, 2006
Catocala unijuga August 26, 2006
Catocala clintoni July 9 2007
Catocala mira July 23, 2007
Catocala grynea July 23, 2007
Catocala ultronia July 23, 2007

RECORDS FOR CALUMET COUNTY, WISCONSIN, TOWN OF BROTHERTOWN, GOVERNMENT LOT #135, COURTESY OF CARROLL RUDY

------------------------

8779 Catocala serena 7-28-06 --out of range

8788 Catocala retecta 8-16-05 through 9-13-05
8788 Catocala retecta 8-5-06 through 8-18-06

8797 Catocala subnata 8-14-06

8798 Catocala neogama 7-26-06

8801 Catocala ilia 7-26-06
Catocala ilia 7-9-07 form conspicua

8802 Catocala cerogama 8-8-05, 9-18-05
Catocala cerogama 7-24-06 through 9-16-06 Aug --abundant

8803 Catocala relicta 8-9-05 to 9-15-05
8803 Catocala relicta 8-18-06 through 9-16-06 both white form ' and "normal' form in equal numbers

8805 Catocala unijuga 8-26-05 to 9-26-05
Catocala unijuga 8-9-06 --through 9-7-06

8806 Catocala parta 8-27-05 through 9-18-05
Catocala parta 7-25-06 through 9-7-06
Catocala parta 7-18-07

8822 Catocala meskei 8-5-06

8832 Catocala cara 9-13-04
Catocala cara 8-1-05 to 9-18-05
Catocala cara 8-2-06 through 9-16-06 ----abundant

8833 Catocala concumbens 9-3-04
Catocala concumbens 8-5-05 to 9-17-05
Catocala concumbens 8-1-06 through 10-2-06 --Abundant

8834 Catocala amatrix 9-3-04
Catocala amatrix 8-8-05 to 9-26-05
Catocala amatrix 8-9-06 till 9-6-06

Catocala mira 7-8-07

8864 Catocala grynea 9-22-04
Catocala grynea 7-31-05
Catocala grynea 7-24-06 -- Aug 18-- abundant
Catocala grynea 7-8-07

8857 Catocala ultronia 8-3-04
Catocala ultronia 7-29-05
Catocala ultronia 7-23-06 through 9-1-06 --abundant
Catocala ultronia 7-8-07

8867 Catocala blandula 7-20-06 7-25-06

8872 Catocala clintoni 7-9-07

++++++++++++++++++

Taylor County sightings by Joan F. Rickert:

Catocala amatrix August 30
Catocala unijuga September 3

Medfor (Taylor County) sightings by Loretta Kuse and Hildegard Kuse:

8833 Catocala concumbens 8-8-07
8802 Catocala cerogama 8-8-07

Catocala cerogama and Catocala concumbens sipping cider,
August 8, 2007, courtesy of Loretta Kuse and Hildegard Kuse.

Loretta and Hildegard write, "We have been trying to identify a number of large moths that have visited rotting fruit the last few nights. We think the two underwing moths might be Catocala cerogama and concumbens. Last night there were nine of the yellowish ones on a wheelbarrow filled with rotten apples. Later there was one beautiful brown moth and we have no idea what kind it was. All were 'sipping cider' and enjoying the evening."

Ascalapha odorata

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Visit "Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV.
Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list";
ZooKeys 39: 37–83 (2010) by Lawrence F. Gall, David C. Hawks

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Contributions to a Check List of the Lepidoptera of Wisconsin
(Macrolepidoptera Families: Thyatiridae, Drepanidae, Geometridae, Epiplemidae, Hesperiidae, Papilionidae, Pieridae, Lycaenidae, Riodinidae, Nymphalidae, Mimallonidae, Lasiocampidae, Apatelodidae, Saturniidae, Sphingidae, Notodontidae, and Noctuidae; also including: Hepialidae, Cossidae, Attevidae, Yponomeutidae, Zygaenidae, Limacodidae, and Thyrididae)
By Hugo L. Kons Jr., Robert J. Borth, and Thomas S. Barina
Posted on the Web 24 August 2007

8770 Catocala innubens *
8771 Catocala piatrix *
8773 Catocala epione *
8775 Catocala antinympha *
8776 Catocala coelebs *
8778 Catocala habilis *
8779 Catocala serena *
8781 Catocala judith *
8784 Catocala obscura *
8785 Catocala residua
8788 Catocala retecta *
8791 Catocala insolabilis * [Examined by RJB, col. J. Parkinson]
8792 Catocala vidua *
8793 Catocala maestosa *
8794 Catocala lacrymosa * [Examined, col. W. Seiker]
8795 Catocala palaeogama *
8796 Catocala nebulosa *
8797 Catocala subnata *
8798 Catocala neogama *
8801 Catocala ilia *
8802 Catocala cerogama *
8803 Catocala relicta *
8805 Catocala unijuga *
8806 Catocala parta *
8808 Catocala luciana *
8817 Catocala briseis *
8821 Catocala semirelicta *
8822 Catocala meskei *
8829 Catocala junctura * [Examined, col. W. Seiker]
8832 Catocala cara *
> 8833 Catocala concumbens *
8834 Catocala amatrix *
8840 Catocala illecta *
8841 Catocala abbreviatella *
8842 Catocala nuptialis *
8843 Catocala whitneyi *
8844 Catocala amestris *
8846 Catocala sordida *
8851 Catocala coccinata *
8857 Catocala ultronia *
8858 Catocala crataegi *
8863 Catocala mira *
8864 Catocala grynea *
8865 Catocala praeclara *
8867 Catocala blandula *
8869 Catocala alabamae
8872 Catocala clintoni *
8873 Catocala similis *
8874 Catocala minuta *
8876 Catocala micronympha *
8877 Catocala connubialis *
8878 Catocala amica *
8878.1 Catocala lineella *